I Want to Pursue My Graduate Program from HULT...

My name is Pervez Habibi, born in 1992 in Pakistan. I am writing this personal statement to pursue my Graduate Program from HULT International Business School. I believe that continuing my education from an esteemed university will not only help me advance in my future career but also my personality which will be of assistance to me throughout the life. I am recently graduated from American University in Dubai (AUD). I have earned Bachelors of Business Administration at the American University in Dubai and I majored in Marketing. Through my C.V. you can see that I possess all the qualities and skills that you require. Along with an excellent academic throughout my school and university life, I have also gained a wide variety of transferable skills through many extra-curricular activities and work experience. I have chosen marketing as a subject of interest because in this contemporary world, global business is greatly influenced by marketing. Marketing suits my passion of as I have a understanding of consumer’s needs and capability to fulfill those needs keeping organizational objectives in mind. By continuing studying marketing along with exploring a diverse variety of interests and needs of people, I believe that I will be able to pursue my true interest and will understand the whole of what global society need rather than just a minority. Within academics, I have challenged myself to succeed as much as I have been able, in efforts to improve myself both as a studentShow MoreRelatedHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesTOP-TEAM POLITICS†¦page 90 WHEN YOUR CORE BUSINESS IS DYING†¦page 66 Y GE SE PA IN DS CK R M WA A 53 www.hbr.org April 2007 58 What Your Leader Expects of You Larry Bossidy 66 Finding Your Next Core Business Chris Zook 78 Promise-Based Management: The Essence of Execution Donald N. Sull and Charles Spinosa 90 The Leadership Team: Complementary Strengths or Conï ¬â€šicting Agendas? Stephen A. Miles and Michael D. Watkins 100 Avoiding Integrity Land Mines Ben

Econs - 1089 Words

INTRODUCTION TO MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Dr. Gong Jie National University of Singapore Why Do We Study Economics ï  ¶ People have to â€Å"Choose† â™ ¦ Resources are scarce. â™ ¦ There is No Such Thing as Free Lunch! ï  ¶ Economics: the science of Rational Choice â™ ¦ Rationality: the basic assumption â™ ¦ Rational Choice: Economic agents use all the information available to make decisions that most efficiently satisfy their needs and achieve stated objectives. â™ ¦ How do people make rational choice? This is the subject of Economics! Paul A. Samuelson’s definition of Economics ï  ¶ â€Å"Economics is the study of how men and society choose, with or without the use of money, to employ scarce productive resources, which could have alternative uses, to produce various†¦show more content†¦What is the cost if you run you own restaurant? ï  ¶ Suppose that you own a house on Orchard Road, and you decide to run a restaurant, your total cost would include: ïÆ' ¼Explicit Cost: ïÆ' ¼Implicit Cost ïÆ'ËœUtility: electricity, water and gas ïÆ'ËœThe rental income you give up ïÆ'ËœMaterial ïÆ'ËœYour possible employment income ïÆ'ËœFurniture and Equipment ïÆ'ËœWage paid to employees Economic Modeling ï  ¶ Models are simplifications†¦like maps ï  ¶ Resemble reality ï  ¶ Abstract from the rich details ï  ¶ Help understand the fundamental forces Endogenous vs Exogenous Variables ï  ¶ Exogenous variables: Variables that have values that are taken as given in the model. ï  ¶ Endogenous variables: Variables whose value is determined within the model being studied. ï  ¶ Analyze the business of a lemonade stand: ïÆ' ¼Exogenous ïÆ' ¼Endogenous ïÆ'ËœCustomer volume ïÆ'ËœPrice ïÆ'ËœInput price ïÆ'ËœQuantity ïÆ'ËœTemperature ïÆ'ËœProduct Quality ïÆ'Ëœ# of competitors ïÆ'ËœAdvertisement Decision making has two components ï  ¶ First, there is a goal â™ ¦ Basic Managerial Objective: to maximize net benefits ï‚ § Net Benefits = Total Benefits - Total Costs ï‚ § Profits = Revenue – Costs â™ ¦ Objective function: functional relationship between the value of the goal, and the values of endogenous variables and exogenous variables. ï  ¶ Second, there is a set of options taken to achieve the goal: â™ ¦ How much of the endogenous variable should be used to maximize net benefits? Find the optimal choice: Marginal (Incremental) Analysis ï  ¶ Marginal Benefits (MB): ChangeShow MoreRelatedEcon984 Words   |  4 PagesMaximum four per group, all students must be registered in the same section of the same course. Names must be in alphabetical order on the cover page. †¢ Graded work will be available for pick-up beginning on the afternoon of Friday March 14 in the Econ Distribution Center, Dunning Hall Room 334. You will require your student card. †¢ This assignment covers material from Chapters 20-24 of the text. True, False, or Uncertain [48 marks - 6 marks each] Explain why each of the followingRead MoreEcon1249 Words   |  5 PagesECON 410.502 Macroeconomic Theory Spring 2010 Instructor: Guangyi Ma Extra Problems #1 Suggested Answers and Comments Notice: (1) This set of extra problems contains 25 multiple-choice problems and 6 analytic (short-answer) problems. These problems are not homework and will not be graded. The aim of these problems is to provide you with additional exercises. (2) I will give solutions of the assignment and the â€Å"extra-problem† set after the due date. Page 1 Problem 1~25: MultipleRead MoreEcon Ans975 Words   |  4 PagesECON2103 – Problem Set (1) Multiple Choice Questions: 1. Understanding opportunity cost You work as an assistant coach on the university basketball team and earn $12 per hour. One day, you decide to skip the hour-long practice and go to the local carnival instead, which has an admission fee of $7. The opportunity cost of skipping practice and going to the carnival, valued in dollars is _________. 1) 2) 3) 4) $20 $12 $19 $7 2. Determining opportunity cost Winona is deciding whether to buy a suitRead MoreEcon2406 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Homework Assignments Problems Applications Chapter 1 Homework 4. You win $100 in a basketball pool. You have a choice between spending the money now or putting it away for a year in a bank account that pays 5% interest. What is the opportunity cost of spending the $100 now? 5. The company that you manage has invested $5 million in developing a new product, but the product is not quite finished. At a recent meeting, your salespeople report that the introduction of competing productsRead MoreEcon5686 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿[Q#2020] If buyers’ value for bicycles increase, the demand for bicycles will ______.a. Increase [Q#2053] A supply shortage in the market for lettuce will _______ the equlibrium price of lettuce. a. Increase [Q#2057] At any moment the equilibrium price in the market for tablet computers will be determined by ________ . c. Buyers and the sellers of tablet computers [Q#2059] The equilibrium price is also known as c. the market-clearing price. [Q#4021] Along a demand curve with a constant slopeRead MoreEcon4429 Words   |  18 PagesECON 11026 Assignment Item 1 . S0183732 Part A Q1ai) Article can be found in the following website : http://www.skynews.com.au/businessnews/article.aspx?id=738928amp;vId= The article ‘ Strong jobs figures put rate cut in doubt’ described that there is an increase in employment in the last one month which might help in putting hold to rate cut by Reserve Bank of Australia. There are positive signs in Australian job market with increase in 44000 employed peopleRead MoreEcon754 Words   |  4 PagesAssume that a cargo ship carrying the merchandise of a cloth merchant has been wrecked. Such a setback will be accounted as the merchant’s: Part I: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. (1 Point each) 1. Which of the following is a positive statement? a. Heavy snowfall drives up the demand for heaters. b. Fiscal expenditures should be increased to combat recession. c. Government should encourage foreign direct investments to generate employmentRead MoreEcon634 Words   |  3 PagesQuestion Results Question 1: In our  macro  Circular Flow, the Businesses are choosing to  borrow  Ã‚  _____________ billion dollars. Your Answer(s): * 5000 Correct Answer(s) (in green): * 5000 * 3500 * 1000 * 500 Question 2: In the Private Sector, there are many  choices  to be made by Business managers regarding which â€Å"projects† to borrow for and which â€Å"projects† to invest in.  Ã‚  These choices often contain a great deal of ______________________  as well as  the potential for benefitsRead MoreEcon1039 Words   |  5 PagesPreface In our data analysis we do some univariate analysis before proceeding to models. In survival analysis it is highly recommended to look at the Kaplan-Meier curves for all the categorical predictors. This will provide insight into the shape of the survival function for each group and give an idea of whether or not the groups are proportional. We also consider the tests of equality across strata to explore whether or not to include the predictor in the final model. For the categorical variablesRead MoreEcon1239 Words   |  5 PagesQuestions based on â€Å"Too Big to Fail† movie Watch the movie and answer the following questions briefly. Upload your answers on Moodle using the Link â€Å"Submit Assignment on Too Big to Fail here† 1. When Lehman brothers was in trouble, Henry Paulson called the other banks’ CEOs on a meeting to find a solution to Lehman Brothers’s problem? Why did Henry Paulson think that a private sector solution, instead of government bailout, was needed? 2. (Up to about 43:00 of the movie) Why did the Lehman

Fast Food - a Silent Killer free essay sample

Fast Food – A Silent Killer Its recognized that fast food isnt healthy or nutritious at all and as a matter of fact, its completely harmful to you. Therefore it is crucial for you to know about fast food nutrition details that will help you become more conscious of the unknown dangers of eating fast foods which can be even worse than you may ever have thought possible. Americans have for ages been familiar with consuming fast foods and recently, this problem has also spread to the rest of the globe. Hence, becoming acquainted with junk food nutrition information is necessary for not just Americans and people residing in the western world, but in addition for people living in the third world countries where this fad has quickly caught on and is consequently affecting the more affluent in those parts of the world too. Fast food will make an individual fat and it is also the key cause for obesity in the USA with even kids not being spared. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food a Silent Killer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You can easily understand from taking a look at junk food nutrition details that these foods are full of fat and are packed with calories. Although Americans have to eat not more than sixty-five grams of fat plus that their calorie count shouldnt exceed two thousand, dependent of age and how much they exercise, when they consume fast foods, they would find themselves consuming much more than the suggested levels. Statistically, this is often 30 percent or more above the ideal level. Hence, a meal that is made of a McDonalds Big Mac together with some french fries and a shake would cost you fifty-seven grams of fat in addition to twelve hundred calories, which will make sure that you will be unable to stay within the required limits. Often you might consume more than this mini-meal and should you go for a super size meal, you would certainly take in a lot more than you should. Whenever the unwanted fat and calories stay in your body, youd just end up doing lots of damage to your body and its health. By doing this you pay a large price for having satisfied a short-term urge to please your taste buds. Moreover, you can see out of available junk food nutrition specifics that fast foods do not contain sufficient basic fibers and nutrients and there are insufficient vitamins contained as well, all of which are crucial for a persons health and well-being. After you have carefully learn about these fast food nutrition specifics, youd probably realize that the threat to your health is usually hidden and therefore fast foods will act as some sort of silent killer which can even result in early death.

MacBeth Essays (731 words) - Characters In Macbeth,

MacBeth Everyone who is mortal has at least one flaw. Some are more serious than others. For example, some people have addictions to gambling, while other people can't remember to put the milk away after they use it. After a while though, a person's flaws come back to haunt them. The tragedy MacBeth is no exception to this. In it, many of the character's die. And the reason is that they have a flaw, that would eventually lead to their downfall. Not every character is deserving of his fate though. Some characters have a minor flaw, which shouldn't lead to their death. But other's have a major flaw, which is would eventually lead them to their death anyway. The first Thane of Cawdor, is killed by MacBeth for trying to lead a revolution against England. His fatal flaw was that he was according to Ross, "a disloyal traitor". The thane of Cawdor was greedy, and wanted the throne of England for himself, and as a result was murdered. But his murder wasn't really disheartening, because the Thane of Cawdor, deserved his fate. He was leading a battle, in which many lost their lives, for the sake of greed, and deserved to die because of his flaw. Duncan was the King of England, and was murdered by MacBeth. He was murdered, because in order for MacBeth to fulfill his plan and become king, Duncan would have to die. Duncan's fatal flaw was that he was too trusting. For example, he thought that none of his friends could really be enemies. If Duncan was more careful about his safety at MacBeth's castle, he may have had a chance to survive. But Duncan's flaw, wasn't something so horrible that he should die. Most people need to trust each other more, and just because one person did, he shouldn't have to die. MacBeth's former best friend, Banquo was also killed by MacBeth. Banquo was killed, because he knew too much about the murder of Duncan. But that was not his fatal flaw. Banquo's fatal flaw was that although he knew that MacBeth killed Duncan, he really didn't do anything about it. There were many opportunities where Banquo could tell someone such as MacDuff what he thought about the murders. But Banquo didn't deserve death, just because he didn't act quickly in telling someone that MacBeth killed Duncan. Banquo knew that if he said anything, no one would believe him, and he would be executed. Lady MacBeth is MacBeth's wife. She is his coconspirator in killing Duncan. Although she helps MacBeth get the courage to commit the murder, she isn't willing to do it herself. She uses the excuse that Duncan looked too much like her father. Unlike MacBeth though, it is harder for Lady MacBeth to live with the fact that she helped cause the murder of the king. And in the end, it makes her so crazy that she commits suicide. Whether or not Lady MacBeth deserved her fate is a tricky question. Although she did encourage MacBeth to murder Duncan, she feels regret for her action. Also, she realized what she did was wrong. But in my opinion, she realized it a little too late, and Duncan was still dead so she did deserve her fate. MacBeth was the focus of the entire play, and that's why it was named after him. All of the problems start when he murder's Duncan. He commits the murder because of his fatal flaw, he is too ambitious. If he wasn't so ambitious and determined to be king, then he would never have killed Duncan. And if MacBeth didn't kill Duncan none of the other characters would die. MacBeth deserved his fate more than any other characters in the play. He did many things wrong. First he killed Duncan, then he killed Banquo. After that, MacBeth killed MacDuff's family. And worst of all, MacBeth disturbed the balance of nature. Also, MacBeth didn't feel any remorse until he was faced with death. If MacBeth just waited for his time, he would have been king, and have had a chance to enjoy it. Every character that died in MacBeth had one fatal flaw. The first Thane of Cawdor was a traitor. Duncan was too trusting. Banquo didn't do anything about the knowledge he had. Lady MacBeth helped plot the murder of Duncan. And MacBeth, destroyed the natural order and harmony of nature. But not all of the characters who died deserved to die because of their flaws. Duncan shouldn't have been punished for trusting someone, and Banquo would

Should money be spent on space research

Should money be spent on space research Free Online Research Papers It is true that vast amounts are spent on space exploration while people suffer from terrible poverty around the world. With the money spent on space exploration, wells could be dug, farmlands could be developed, medicine could be bought, schools and colleges could be built and teachers, doctors and nurses could be trained. I understand all the reasons for spending money on better things, but I also strongly believe that it is necessary that the human race should continually strive to develop our technology and broaden our horizons. The technology that put men on the moon, launched space shuttles and will build a space station has found its way into everyday life on earth. Common secondary uses of space research are called spin-offs. The common smoke detector used in homes was first prepared for spacecrafts as a warning system. Computer bar codes in retail stores, shock absorbing shoes used by tennis players and athletes, lightweight materials used for helmets and sporting materials and non stick coating used in pans were all first developed as part of space research. Space technology has provided many benefits to the medical field as well. Pace makers used to treat cardiac as well as remote monitoring devices for intensive care patients and portable medical equipment carried aboard ambulances are but a few applications of space technology providing daily benefits in hospitals, offices and homes. To conclude I can say that it is basic human nature to strive to discover the unknown and we can progress in all ways by unlocking the secret of the stars. So the money is well spent on space exploration. Research Papers on Should money be spent on space research19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraOpen Architechture a white paperThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized TestingGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Definition and Examples of Titles in Composition

Definition and Examples of Titles in Composition - In composition, a title is a word or phrase given to a text (an essay, article, chapter, report, or other work) to identify the subject, attract the readers attention, and forecast the tone and substance of the writing to follow. A title may be followed by a colon and a subtitle, which usually amplifies or focuses the idea expressed in the title. Examples and Observations It is important to know the title before you begin- then you know what you are writing about. (Nadine Gordimer, quoted by D. J. R. Bruckner in A Writer Puts the Political Above the Personal. The New York Times, Jan. 1, 1991)The title comes afterwards, usually with considerable difficulty. . . . A working title often changes. (Heinrich Bà ¶ll, interview in The Paris Review, 1983) Catching the Readers Interest At the minimum, titles- like labels- should accurately indicate the contents in the package. In addition, however, good titles capture the readers interest with some catchy phrasing or imaginative language- something to make the reader want to buy the package. Barbara Kingsolver uses the title, High Tide in Tucson to catch our interest: What are tides doing in landlocked Tucson, Arizona? Samuel H. Scudders title is a good label (the essay is about looking at fish) and uses catchy phrasing: Take This Fish and Look at It. (Stephen Reid, The Prentice Hall Guide for College Writers, 2003) Tips for Creating Catchy Titles Titles catch the attention of readers and provide a clue to the papers content. If a title doesnt suggest itself in the writing of your paper, try one of these strategies: Use one strong short phrase from your paper Present a question that your paper answers State the answer to the question or issue your paper will explore Use a clear or catchy  image  from your paper Use a famous  quotation Write a one-word title (or a two-word title, a three-word-title, and so on) Begin your title with the word  On Begin your title with a  gerund  (-ing  word) (Toby Fulwiler and Alan R. Hayakawa, The Blair Handbook. Prentice Hall, 2003) Metaphorical Titles Is there a factor that above all others contributes to making a title intriguing and memorable? Ive studied the titles that have captured the public imagination during my lifetime. Add to The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, The Red Badge of Courage, and The Blackboard Jungle the following titles that almost everyone seems to like, and ask yourself what they have in common: Tender Is the NightA Moveable FeastThe Catcher in the RyeThe Grapes of Wrath All seven of these titles are metaphors. They put two things together that dont ordinarily go together. They are intriguing, resonant, and provide exercise for the readers imagination. (Sol Stein, Stein on Writing. St. Martins Griffin, 1995) Selling an Article or Book An effective title is to your article or book what a good preview of coming attractions is to a movie. It announces what your manuscript is about in such a way that it compels your reader to sit up and take notice. And if that reader is an editor who possibly will buy your material, an enticing title can open doors for you. (John McCollister, quoted by Jim Fisher in The Writers Quotebook: 500 Authors on Creativity, Craft, and the Writing Life. Rutgers University Press, 2006) Subtitles To the prospective reader, a subtitle is to a book what a carnival barker is to a midway: the step-right-up pitchman who peddles a mixture of awe, enlightenment and- no less important- bang for the buck. The marketing-savvy Galileo appended to his volume of heavenly observations, The Starry Messenger (1610), a prose banner that stretches nearly 70 words. In it, the Florentine astronomer promised readers great and very wonderful sights- the moon, sun and stars, literally- and even tossed in a paean to his Medici patron. Modern-day subtitles are generally shorter, yet they continue to tantalize us with invitations to learn the surprising secrets of Americas wealthy, tag along in one womans search for everything, or craft a life of well-being, wisdom and wonder. (Alan Hirshfeld, The Limit of Reason. The Wall Street Journal, May 3-4, 2014) Nick Hornby on the Lighter Side of Titles My advice to young writers: never begin a title with a preposition, because you will find that it is impossible to utter or to write any sentence pertaining to your creation without sounding as if you have an especially pitiable stutter. He wanted to talk to me about About a Boy. What about About a Boy? The thing about About a Boy . . . Are you excited about About a Boy? And so on. I wonder if Steinbeck and his publishers got sick of it? What do you think of Of Mice and Men? Ive just finished the first half of Of Mice and Men. Whats the publication date of Of Mice and Men? . . . Still, it seemed like a good idea at the time. (Nick Hornby, Songbook. McSweeneys, 2002) More on Composition Sentence Case  and  Title CaseWhich Words in a Title Should Be Capitalized?Lead

Intercultural Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intercultural Communication - Essay Example Sometimes innocuous blunder may occur through minor mistake causing insult and hurt and for the perpetrator may result in shame and embarrassment. Normally respect and approach will follow where there is understanding, but the way understanding takes place is complex (Pettigres, 2000). Studies have shown that in many cases the awareness, that understanding is needed, is often lacking, which unfortunately forms the route cause of misunderstanding. In this globalized economy where the boundaries of countries are disappearing, the intercultural communication is finding its importance. We take example of this business meeting between a Vietnamese business team with US business team. Let us assume that each team is reasonably well prepared for the meeting. The language is not the problem, members of both the teams are well conversed with English. However to iron out minor language hiccups, each team also included a good translator. The members of both the team comprises men and women, all are meticulously dressed in business dress. Both the teams are punctual and the meeting starts on time. The meeting being a daylong affair, the lunch has been arranged at a local restaurant. Proper planning is made in advance in choosing the menu beforehand so that potential cultural issues on food habits can be prevented. The organizer expected all to go well as the perceived threat from lack of communication have been taken care of. However there arose problems. Initial shaking of hands went well as this has become universal custom for English knowing people to shake hands. The problem started with greeting; both the parties did manage to greet the other in a wrong way. In UK the family name is given at the end of the name. For example Peter Smith is known as Mr. Smith, not other way round as Mr. Peter, whereas in Vietnamese the family name comes first thus making Mguyen Van Khai, Madame Nguyen. But in the meeting Mr. Smith was greeted as Mr. Peter whereas Madame Nguyen was greeted as Madame Khai. The Vietnamese delegation took more offence than their counterpart, the UK delegation, as they perceived it as disrespect. However the meeting continued with the initial hiccup starting with a sore note. The second misunderstanding occurred, this time around with the UK delegates, when one of their team members was referred by someone as his sister. The UK delegates took the meaning literally, but actually it was meant to denote close friendship. The main problem started with the way the Vietnamese men were interacting with their female counterpart of UK delegation. They expected the women delegates would prefer to mix with other women of Vietnamese delegation and left them, which was perceived as disrespect by the female members of UK team. There was another major goof up when during lunch break one of the Vietnamese delegate placed his hand on the elbow of a lady UK delegate to show her the way, when they were leaving for lunch. In Vietnamese culture this is seen as sign of respect and as non-sexual, undertaken between members of the same as well as opposite sex.

Virtual Worlds, Nonverbal Communication, and Identity Essay

Virtual Worlds, Nonverbal Communication, and Identity - Essay Example This becomes apparent in virtual role-playing games. The virtual role-playing world can be seen as a good medium for interpersonal communication with other people. The virtual world helps create interpersonal communication that is beyond the nature of race and ethnicity of people. The real life cultural barriers between people vaguely exist in the virtual world because a different kind of culture is created therein. While real world stereotypes are set aside, virtual-based stereotypes exist and are commonly associated with characters based on virtual world attributes. I have an avatar and account in the game World of Warcraft. I play the game when I have some spare and idle time. Usually, there are certain codes of etiquette in interacting with other players in the game. Nonverbal communication is important because a lot of interaction is judged either by action or mere status of a person’s avatar. Impression and deeds have a heavy bearing in the World of Warcraft, and it is also likely the case with other virtual role-playing

A Critique of Tess Onwueme’s Tell It to Women Essay Example for Free

A Critique of Tess Onwueme’s Tell It to Women Essay To Women, we travel back to a Nigerian village in postcolonial Africa. The story enlightens the audience about the dichotomy of traditionalism versus modernism and the ways in which different cultures interact. It ends by revealing the true meaning of culture; the real quality in a society that arises from a passion for what is excellent in arts, manners, and customs. Overall, the play discusses the role of women within this Nigerian village and largely examines the conflict of whether it is better to advance with the rest of the world, or to hold on to the traditions that truly make a society independent and beautiful. The play begins with Yemoja, the most important woman in the village, in a house with Daisy and Ruth, two feminist western-educated scholars. They are the primary antagonists in the play. At this early stage, we see that Daisy and Ruth are not fond of Yemoja. Daisy and Ruth are leaders of the â€Å"Better Life for Rural Women† campaign, which inspires women to believe that they are not only equal to men in many ways, but are even superior in others. The two of them select Yemoja as the mediator between the village and the western world that they are so desperate to force upon the women. The movement causes a great disturbance in the village between the men and women, and especially with Yemoja’s husband and father. Back in Daisy’s home, she has been getting into many disagreements with her family. Her husband Okei, disagrees with her passion about the feminist movement and they frequently fight about it. Her mother-in-law, Sherifat, still encourages Yemoja to participate in the village’s traditional tribal rituals. Sherifat expresses that it would a terrible fate if Yemoja attempts to assimilate to the modern culture and loses her roots. As the story goes on, Daisy becomes estranged from her daughter Bose, as Bose is beginning to understand more and more the culture of the village and becomes closer to Yemoja and Sherifat. Towards the end of the play, the villagers organize a march, for which Daisy gives Yemoja steps to teach to the rest of the women. It becomes clear to Yemoja at that point that western culture is not for them. Daisy and Ruth’s superior arrives to enlighten the women about her ideas of feminism. She is the one that will decide whether or not the movement has succeeded or not. When it is time for Yemoja to perform the dance, however, she and Sherifat perform one of the Idu rituals instead. Bose even joins in the dancing. Ruth falls and becomes extremely injured while Daisy is thrust into the middle of the action. The play ends here in a beautifully tragic scene as Ruth chokes to death while the rest of the villagers celebrate having revitalized their culture. Tess Onwueme’s play was delightfully written and captivating to any audience. The story was intriguing and definitely matched it’s title. Now I see that, Tell It To Women, is a statement on how the women of the village are always being told to do or be something. Whether it is by Daisy and Ruth or by their husbands, the women never really find their own voice until the very end. We see in the first movement, Sherifat telling the chorus of women that being a wife is â€Å"meaning that a wife deserves to be treated like a daughter and not something that you possess. † Yet, throughout much of the story, we see the women being treated like servants and as subhuman to Daisy and Ruth, the village men, and western civilization as a whole. However, I believe that even as a woman, the author was at times, very objective in her portrayal of feminism. She was able to write a play that showed both the positives and negatives of modernism, while advancing the ideals of traditionalism. She does all this without losing sight of what is most important to women of a small village like that. At one part she even has Ruth say â€Å"these rural women are very gullible, you know. All you need to do is make them feel they are important†¦ we need them anyway, maybe even more than they need us. † The author is commenting here on the passive-aggressive attempts of Daisy and Ruth but also shows that the village women do not actually need to be modernized. Perhaps here, the author is a little biased because she is making Daisy and Ruth out to be selfish and slightly cruel. To a western reader, the play was not very easy to read. The names of the villagers were at times tongue tying and I found myself changing opinions about a character because I in fact, thought they were another. Onwueme also does not really explain the native African dialect and proverbial expressions that are used, which was slightly confusing as well. Many play-writes include footnotes at the bottom of the page to explain vernacular that is not known to the reader and that would have been very helpful here. That being said, the true meaning of the play was present the entire time. The clash of cultures and the lingering pains of colonialism in Africa come through wonderfully in the author’s interpretation. In one eloquent line we see that colonialism left its mark of the villagers. Sherifat says to Daisy that â€Å"it’s easier for those who inflict the pain on others to forget. † Tell It To Women, while at times was hard to follow, beautifully captured the struggle of traditionalism versus modernism and is a true mark of feminism. Overall, I thought that the play was well written and captivating. Even as a man, when sometimes it is hard to understand the desires of women, let alone women of another culture, I was able to grasp the true value of this play. It enlightened me about African culture and the roles of men and women in society. I believe Onwueme did a tremendous job in exposing the struggles of postcolonial Africa in an artful representation.

Criminology Psychological Theories Essay -- Social Psychology, Introve

Social Psychology is a field that attempts understated how thoughts, behavior and feelings are influenced by the implied presence, actual or imagined presence of others. Social influence involves the exercise of social power by a person or a group to change the altitudes or behaviour of others in a particular direction. Social power refers t o the â€Å"force available to the influencer to motivate change† (Allport, 1985). Young people are more prone to social influence due to need for conformity with their peers. This makes many teenagers in United Kingdom to indulge in criminal and deviant behaviours, which is closely associated with drug use and gang crimes. We can therefore argue that some emotional, psychological and biological characteristics make youths to indulge in gang crimes. It is hard to differentiate drug abuse and violence in United Kingdom or a cross the world at large. Adolescence drug use scares adults. The spectres of addiction, psychosis, alienation and rebellion provoke dramatic responses: legislations enact and create control agencies; social scientists conduct studies; and all these efforts are documented, evaluated and modified. In all these activities, however, the perspective of adolescents is neglected. They too, are concerned about dangers and are influenced by these controls, but their concerns are of different sorts. They are the ones who choose which drugs, if any, to try, who decide which use patterns to settle on; who experience the effects of drug use is a part of the adolescent’s social world. In fact they sometimes report the uses, meaning and consequences of drug use. It is therefore challenging to attempt to prevent or intervene in such a use are based on assumptions about the meaning of drugs ... ...sychology ( Vol. 1, 3rd.,pp1-46. New York: Random House. Bandura , A. (1977). Sociol Theory. New York. Universal Press. Block Herbert & Arthur Nienehoffer, the gang: a study in adolescent behaviour. New York. Universal press. Decker Scott (1996) Collective and Normative Features of Gang Violence. Washington : National Institute of Justice. Eysenck. H (1964). Crime and personality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Howell James (1997) Youth Gang Drug Trafficking and Homicide: Policy and Program Implications Juvenile Justice Journal 4: 4-5 Kohlberg ,l. (1969). Stage of Moral Development and Action: New York. Winston Publishers. Lange J. Crime as a Destiny. London. Allen & Urwin. Marshalls lance & David Crook (1999). The childhood experience of a psychopath: A retrospective study of familial and societal factors. Journal of personality disorders, 13,211-225.

The Functions of Diplomacy Essay

Diplomacy has existed since the beginning of the human race. The act of conducting negotiations between two persons, or two nations at a large scope is essential to the upkeep of international affairs. Among the many functions of diplomacy, some include preventing war and violence, and fortifying relations between two nations. Diplomacy is most importantly used to complete a specific agenda. Therefore without diplomacy, much of the world’s affairs would be abolished, international organizations would not exist, and above all the world would be at a constant state of war. It is for diplomacy that certain countries can exist in harmony. There has not been a documented start of diplomacy; however there have been instances ranging back to the 5th century where diplomacy arose in certain nations. Dating back to 432 B.C, the Congress of Sparta was an â€Å"illustration of diplomacy as organized by the Greek City States† (Nicolson 1). The origin of the word â€Å"diploma† comes from different sides of the earth. In Greece diploma meant â€Å"folded in two†, while in Ancient Rome the word was used to describe travel documents. Often times the word diplomacy is given many meanings. Many times will the words â€Å"policy† and the word â€Å"negotiation† be seen as synonyms; hence the word â€Å"diplomacy† and â€Å"foreign diplomacy† are deemed to be similar (Nicolson 3). These â€Å"synonyms† of diplomacy are all faulty. While they may be very similar in some cases, they are not the exactly the same. Sir Harold Nicolson who was an English Diplomat born in Tehran, Persia, states that: â€Å"Diplomacy is neither the invention nor the pastime of some particular political system, but is an essential element in any reasonable relation between man and man and between nation and nation† (Nicolson 4). For the upkeep of the International System, diplomacy is used in every corner of the world. Without it many nations would not be able to conduct successful negotiations. While many are not able to find a clear beginning or creation of diplomacy, modern diplomacy has become much more advanced and many aspects have changed over the years. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 created the first modern diplomatic congress in addition to creating a new world order in central Europe based on state sovereignty. Much of Europe began to change after the introduction of modern diplomacy. For example, â€Å"France under Cardinal Richelieu introduced the modern approach  to international relations, based on the nation-state and motivated by national interest as its ultimate purpose† (Kissinger 17). The New World Order began to bloom in all of Central and Western Europe. Great Britain argued for the â€Å"balance of power† which kept European diplomacy alive for the next 200 years (Kissinger 17). Every country in Europe contributed a little to the diplomacy the world has today. The balance of powers theory that many famous realists such as Francsesco Sforza, Machiavelli, and Guiciardini argued was and still is an essential component of modern diplomacy. Many could argue that diplomacy is a product of society and history itself. As countries progress different aspects are added to diplomacy. Separation of powers, national interest, and a country’s sovereignty are only a few elements that were added to modern diplomatic history. Therefore, diplomacy can be seen as an ever-changing concept, the same way International Relations between countries fluctuate. Author of The Pure Concept of Diplomacy Josà © Calvet De Magalhà £es stated that â€Å"continuity of the diplomatic institution throughout thousands of years and in all known civilizations shows that diplomacy is an institution inherent to international life itself, one that may undergo transformations or may be used with more or less intensity, but cannot be dispensed with† (Szykman). As Henry Kissinger states â€Å"By pursuing its own selfish interests, each state [is] presumed to contribute to progress, as if some unseen hand were guaranteeing that freedom of choice for eac state assured well-being for all† (Kissinger 22), In the course of all diplomatic history â€Å"[†¦] no country has influenced international relations as decisively and at the same time as ambivalently as the United States. No society, has more firmly insisted on the inadmissibility of intervention in the domestic affairs of other states, or more passionately asserted that its own values w ere universally applicable. No nation has been more pragmatic in the day-to-day conduct of its diplomacy, or more ideological in the pursuit of its history moral convictions. No country has been more reluctant to engage itself abroad even while undertaking alliances and commitments of unprecedented reach and scope† (Kissinger 18). The United States headstrong tendencies to succeed have made it one of the most influential countries in the course of diplomacy. â€Å"The most famous of all peace proposals following World War I was the program of Fourteen Points, delivered by President Woodrow Wilson in  1918† (Szykman). Most can argue that without the United States, much of modern diplomacy would be gone. There are in fact many functions of diplomacy that make diplomacy an essential ingredient for any peaceful and efficient change. The reason to negotiate with other persons has always been the same, to have better relations. Over the course of diplomacy being in existence, the structure of diplomatic posts has changed from a loose one to an organized institution made for a specific purpose. While the structure of diplomatic posts has changed, the functions always remained the same. There are four functions of diplomacy. The first function involves â€Å"representing a state’s interests and conducting negotiations or discussions designed to identify common interests as well as areas of disagreement between the parties, for the purpose of achieving the state’s goals and avoiding conflict† (Ameri 1). Representations of a state as well as negotiation are the most important functions of diplomacy. Negotiations between two representatives are a key component in diplomacy, because in doing so the representatives find a common interest. Finding a common interest is vital in conducting negotiations because with a common interest representatives are able to devise a solution that is in the interest of both sides. G.R. Berridge that negotiation â€Å"can produce the advantages obtainable from the cooperative pursuit of common interests; and it is only this ac tivity that can prevent violence from being employed to settle remaining arguments over conflicting ones† (Berridge 1). The second function of diplomacy involves â€Å"the gathering of information and subsequent identification and evaluation of the receiving state’s foreign policy goals† (Ameri 1). Diplomatic posts are concerned with gathering information; however when the information is sent back to their native country a Foreign Ministry analyzes the data and determines what foreign policy should be enacted. Political leaders choose what path is right for their country then. The third major function of diplomacy is expansion of political, economic, and cultural ties between two countries (Ameri 2). For example, after WWII countries such as the United States and Britain aimed their foreign policy at the extermination of communism. In present day, the United States State Department engages international audiences to speak about politics, security, and their values to help create an environment receptive to US national interests. In addition, â€Å"the State Department annually sponsors more than 40,000  educational and cultural exchanges† (Diplomacy). Finally, the fourth function of diplomacy is that â€Å"diplomacy is the facilitating or enforcing vehicle for the observation of international law† (Ameri 2). It is the diplomat’s job to promote the country’s national interests and keep ties with other countries open. The emphasis put on diplomacy is not just dominant in today’s world, however it was a developing concept in the Renaissance as well. Great thinkers such as Machiavelli, Guicciardini, Grotius, Richelieu, Wicquefort, Satow, Nicolson, and Kissinger had a profound impact on diplomacy. For Machiavelli diplomacy was a tool of deception to grant more power to the state (Beridge 24). Machiavelli’s impact on leaders was a major one because he argued for leaders to be headstrong as well as reserved. Guicciardini promoted the upkeep of good relations; to be careful with whom one deals with and that reputation is key in a negotiation (Berridge 43). His contribution to diplomacy was that diplomati c posts are given to people who can be trusted and can promote their country’s state interests. What these great thinkers contributed to diplomacy was immense. All of them contributed a different element to the ever-growing concept of diplomacy. Since the subject of diplomacy is always growing and changing, it can be said that because of its vast effect on the world, everybody needs diplomacy to survive. It has become such a vital part of everyone’s life that is indirectly becoming a trait for survival. Throughout the course of history diplomacy has been a paramount element in the upkeep of peace and in the creation of positive change. Without diplomacy much of the world’s affairs would not exist. There are many examples of how diplomacy has affected countries, and even individual citizens. An example of how negotiation positively can affect someone is Clinton’s negotiation with Kim Jung Il in North Korea. Their peaceful negotiation resulted in the release of two American citizens. An example of how power can corrupt diplomacy is Libya and Switzerland. With the introduction of power, in other words oil, countries such as Libya with the leader Ghaddafi are able to have a stronger presence in the world and say things that can normally not be said. Power corrupts, however diplomacy seeks to rid corruption and reinforce the international system as well as international law. It is for diplomacy that international organizations can exist. In a diplomatic way, an international organization is merely a many  members finding a common ground on a particular subject. In the United Nations for example, all the members try to find a common interest for positive change. Although it is sometimes perceived to be slow change, the method of diplomacy causes fewer casualties than any other one. If diplomacy were not in existence, international organizations would not exist. The world would be at a constant state of war, and war would in fact never end because they normally end with diplomatic negotiations. Selected Bibliography Adam, Watson,. Diplomacy the dialogue between states. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1983. Berridge, G. R. Diplomatic Theory From Machievelli to Kissinger. New York: Palgrave, 2001. â€Å"Diplomacy – The U.S. Department of State at Work.† U.S. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs, June 2008. Web. 2 Sept. 2009. . Eban, Abba Solomon. New diplomacy international affairs in the modern age. New York: Random House, 1983. Kissinger, Henry. Diplomacy (A Touchstone Book). New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. Kwong, Maj Tang Mun. â€Å"The Roles of Diplomacy and Deterrence in the 21 st Century.† Journal V27 N1 Jan-Mar (2001). Newsom, David D. Diplomacy under a Foreign Flag – When Nations break Relations. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Diplomacy,1991. Nicolson, Harold. Diplomacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977. Satow, Ernest M. A guide to diplomatic practice. London: Longmans, 1932. Written by: Christopher Amacker

Friendship and Love in the Little Prince

Friendship and love are essential topics in anyone?s lifesince through them we can feel complete and alive. In The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupery novel, elemental, but not always taken into account, aspects of life are highlighted from a deep point of view differentiating the perception an adult and a child can have from the same subject, being Friendship and love the prominent ones in my consideration. Firstly, Friendship is seen as the pure communion between an experienced man and an innocent child. The writer emphasizes the importance of a friend from the point of view of a child,this innocence is clearly opposed to the perception of an adult. Seen through the eyes of a child what is important are the perceptions, ideas and emotions that a child posses which makes friendship concrete and worthwhile. The Little prince points out that a friend is not valuable because of the material belongings someone has, but the qualities he or she posses. What makes a friend is the smile on her or his face, the sound of the voice and the desire to have or do something that makes somebody real. Alive and interesting. On the other hand, love is profoundly connected to friendship. In this case the superficial man becomes one with the imaginative child, being love the point in which they found each other and by means of which they would be one. The pilot finds in the sky a way of meting the Little Prince again, he says â€Å"look at the sky. Ask yourselves: Is it yes or not? Has the sheep eaten the flower? And you will see how everything changes†. In these meaningful lines, love, fraternal love is conveyed; whenever they look at the stars they will be together again. The feelings about friendship are arm to arm with love. In conclusion, the opposition made between adulthood and chilhood, the Pilot and the little Prince emphasize the importance of sentimental values in life. Friendship and love come up over any other subject.

The Inportance of Social Experience

The Inportance of Social Experience The Importance of Social ExperienceThroughout history there have been many theories on how important social experience is to human development, but what if a child were to have no social experience? Would the child still develop and become a normal functioning adult? Although scientists have never actually experimented with isolating humans, there have been cases of abuse in which children were socially isolated for long periods of time(Macionis J. Gerber L. 2002, p.111-112).With these cases to study and with social scientists theories on development we have begun to understand the significance of social interaction to the human development.When social scientists studied cases of severe isolation in children, they realized that they did not have a personality, they just existed. They did not experience joy, anger, sadness or any emotion that would be consistent with a child that had been loved and held throughout their young lives.Franà §ais : Portrait de groupe avec Pierre Bovet ( ...Harry and Margaret Harlow took this information and further explored it by placing monkeys in various situations of social isolation, they came to the conclusion that humans need human touch to thrive. Bydiscovering this they also discovered that interaction itself is more important, no matter who the caregiver is as long as the basic human needs are being met. Basic human needs play a large part in human development and if all needs are not met at the appropriate ages the child may never have the capacity to use that part of their brain again, which means they might not ever be able to learn certain skills even if given the opportunity (Macionis J. and Gerber L. 2002,p.113). The different stages of human development fall into categories that were argued by psychologists to be the normal ways for a human to develop into a adult. All of these psychologists'...

Methods That Will Help to Cope With the Tiresome Procedure of Creating a Think Piece

Methods That Will Help to Cope With the Tiresome Procedure of Creating a Think Piece How to Survive the Annoying Process of Writing an Essay Modern pace of life demands from the people to develop certain qualities and habits. Thus, people tend to be more active, ambitious and enterprising in order to survive and be successful. Each time has its rules and peculiarities and today a lot of people can have difficulties with monotonous and annoying tasks which require patience and meticulous work. This problem is especially common for youth. They just cannot put their gadgets aside and spend few hours in the quiet atmosphere collecting thoughts about essay. However, even scrupulous and diligent people experience difficulties while performing writing tasks. What to do if you face the lack of creativity and feel indolence or just do not know what to start with? There are some methods that can help you within any writing assignment and make it more simple and delightful. Work out a plan Careful monitoring of the things minimizes the possibility of unexpected and unpleasant surprises. That is why you need to think through and plan your activities. When you have a plan or schedule, it is easier to cope with the work. Consider deadlines, volume of the essay, your knowledge in the subject and current number of tasks in other disciplines. Actually, plan will encourage you to action and under condition of following it will be the guarantee of timely accomplishment of the task. Plan is the right decision for people, who feel difficulties in starting tasks or performing them in time. Search for ideas No one knows at once about what to write and what aspects should be disturbed. From time to time it happens that you get the topic and feel the complete emptiness in the head. It is quite normal situation. The topic can be new for you or maybe you just have not considered the things from this point of view. There are different ways and sources of obtaining ideas. First of all you should read some information related to the topic. Then if you still have no distinct notion about what to write, just switch to other things and finally the brilliant ideas will come. Try to be original, think perspicaciously and you will succeed. Try to write Another effective and helpful method is to start writing. It does not matter if you do not know yet what to write about or what to start with. You may write about everything you want. The main thing is to start the process and it will gradually lead you to the necessary stream. You should take a piece of paper and a pen and make note about the weather, your mood or absence of desire to write essay†¦ Make reviews It is always significant to write correctly and avoid mistakes. In order to provide an essay of high quality always check it for spelling and punctuation mistakes. Every teacher will be delighted to read content, which is written in a proper way. Moreover, when you reread your paper, some brilliant thoughts and ideas can appear in your head, you can add something or remove and make your work more sophisticated and refined. Be judgmental In regard to any activity and especially writing one should be able to assess his or her work and be open for improvements. It is great to consider your essay and estimate if it will be interesting and informative for other people. The more you demand from yourself the better results you obtain. Additional reading, thinking and criticism towards your own paper will bring desired results and appreciation. There are many ways and methods that will provide you’re a useful assistance in the process of essay writing. You may try all of the above mentioned advices or some of them, you can combine them or extend. Do what you like and create great essays; just remember that with all your actions you should move towards your goals and dreams.

Learn to Cherish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Learn to Cherish - Essay Example Unable to cope with the loss, my father swiftly degenerated into a hopeless drunkard. Friday morning was the last time we would see him in the week. After work on Friday he no longer came home. Instead he went on a drinking spree with his friends, a spree that would last till Monday morning. Then we would come back home very early in the morning to take a shower, change and go to work. Apart from paying the bills and buying food, he simply no longer cared about what was happening at home. From what I heard, he had become irresponsible even at work and was threatened with being fired anytime. For me, and I guess for the whole family, what made the experience even more painful was the knowledge that my mother had eloped with a man who was not just our neighbor, but also the father of my childhood friend and first playmate. I hated her passionately. Given the worsening situation at home, one of our maternal aunties took custody of our last born while one of our elder sisters, already married at the time, took me in. As I left home I could not help but worry about my father. My younger sibling and I had found refuge in my aunt and sister, respectively. As for my father, now left alone at home, no one seemed to care for him; it was though he had been left to drink himself to death. In the few months that followed my leaving home, I learned from my sister that my uncles had tried to intervene in my fathers situation, but given up shortly afterwards after they had concluded that he could not be helped. In the days and months that followed, my sister avoided my fathers story every time I brought up: she was not interested. She was even opposed to me visiting him. For the decade that followed my mother’s elopement, I have since lived with two of my sisters and a host of other relatives. In all my wanderings amongst my siblings and relatives, I will never forget the unceremonious way in which my first sister who took me in

Interpret the result in your report. Also, your report and model Essay

Interpret the result in your report. Also, your report and model (where possible) should analyse the following- - Essay Example In both cases, the major components of the statements are explained e.g. remunerations disclosures, segment reports and interests disclosures have been made. The reliability of the financial statements has also been made better by the better governance structure and the independence of the auditors. According to the auditor’s reports, the financial statements give a true and fair view of the positions of the company. Moreover, both M & S and Morrison have reported the financial performance in a comparable manner. The performance in 2011 has been compared to those of 2010 to help investors monitor the firms’ progress. Notwithstanding, the notes to the financial statements have been compiled to make the information better understandable. Comparatively, Mark Spencer notes are detailed. On the element of legislations, the companies’ strategies have incorporated their products and services to satisfy the expectation of the customers and the society. For instance, Morrison is committed towards reducing the quantity of carbon released to the environment. In both cases, the users to the financial statements are the shareholders, investors, customers, the government and competitors (Palepu & Healy, 2008). The government requires the information for determining the tax amounts, customers for purposes of knowing progress of the companies and shareholders for monitoring the companies return (Palepu & Healy, 2008). The complex nature of the financial statements and the accounting jargon is the limitation in the financial reports. In conclusion, the preparation of the financial statements in accordance to the accounting standards and the companies act is necessary for comparison purposes and uniformity in reporting. This explains why both the companies have largely there is no major differences in reporting. Wahlen, JM, Bradshaw, M, Baginski, SP, & Stickney, CP, 2011, Financial reporting, financial statement analysis, and valuation: a

Voting Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Voting Right - Essay Example The main issues which define the direction of the poll are thus largely clear. Nonetheless, on the one hand, it is not clear whether the increasing non-white population, the younger generation, experts, unmarried persons, and secular population segments that voted Obama, almost to a man in 2008, which enabled him to secure a victory, will stick by him come next year, in order to secure him a second term (Teixeira and Halpin 2-6). On the other hand, the likelihood of the rival Republicans concentrating their campaign on poor economic situation in the country might hurt Obama’s reelection campaign. Also significant is the campaigns by conservatives, who are critical of the Obama administration; they might pull a surprise to the incumbent candidate. Teixeira and Halpin (1-14) note that the outcome of the poll notwithstanding, it is probable that American policies will remain immensely polarized for many years, even after the forthcoming elections end. The political volatility wit nessed in the past five years indicates that the fundamental issues influencing the American political debates, which include the protection of the society by the government, the weighing of social and economic issues such as taxation rates and social welfare programs, remain contentious. In view the financial meltdown and other economic problems, which take the toll on Americans, have deeply infiltrated the electoral debates. This implies that the previous presidential poll marked just the likelihood for a fresh quest for change in American policies as opposed to the preservation of the status quo. Obama’s latest public approvals at 46%, and brighter economic prospects in a number of states in the country might result in a tough duel reminiscent of the 2000 elections. Virginia According to Teixeira and Halpin (53-56), in 2008, Virginia vote was bagged by Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama by a margin of more than six percent. In the run up to the poll, analysts c onsidered this an Obama state, or otherwise believed to be as a blue state in the southern region. Previously, the state was viewed as composed of swing vote that both key contenders camped in during the 2008 campaigns. The financial crisis, the shifting demographics such as the population rises in thickly populated northern region gave Democrats the advantage. The white liberals in the region undeniably resulted in substantial influx of voters into the Democratic Party’s basket. Florida The strongest Republican influence in Florida originates from the upper region, which is home to about 25 percent of the entire vote in the state. Teixeira and Halpin (46-50) indicate that, although, his area has registered a remarkable increase in population, with figures of hitting 19 percent increase during the last decade, the statistics are inferior to the south. In the region, Republicans emerged as winners by 14 percentage points, nonetheless, the outcome translated into a seven-point increase for the Democrats within four years. And in the area’s sprawling metro region referred to as the Jacksonville, the Democratic swing vote increased by 11 percentage points in

Jax Ws And Its Comparison With Axis2 Information Technology Essay

Jax Ws And Its Comparison With Axis2 Information Technology Essay In todays world with the rise in development of newer and newer different stand-alone applications, the organizations and enterprises faces the difficulty in integrating all these incompatible applications for the ease of their business. In order to overcome this technical complexity more and more enterprises have started implementing the Web Services to make these heterogeneous applications work together. Web Services can be defined as the application components that can be accessed over the network. Web Services makes the applications compatible by providing cross-platform interaction possible. Web Services provides a means of communication for applications developed in different programming languages using different technologies and running on different platforms. Thus, Web Services introducing interaction between such widely different applications makes the applications more flexible, loose and compatible. In todays trend of Service Oriented Architecture, Web Services play an important role. These Web Services functionalities are accessible using standard internet protocols. The keywords related to Web Services are HTTP, SOAP, WSDL, XML and UDDI. Any Web Service is defined in XML format, known as the Web Service Description Language. The service provider registers its services in the Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI). The service requestor looks into the UDDI for a particular service. The client then uses a particular WSDL and its service end point to establish a connection with the service provider. The client establishes the communication by sending SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) messages over the HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). There are many web services framework available such as Spring framework, Apache Axis2, Apache CXF, JAX WS, JAX RPC etc. This paper throws some light on JAX WS and Apache Axis2. JAX-WS (JAVA API for XML-based Web Services) JAX WS provides the Java API for creating and developing XML-based Web Services. JAX WS is the successor of JAX RPC (Java API for XML-based Remote Procedure Calls). Many enhancements and developments have been introduced in JAX WS from the JAX RPC mechanism. The main difference between these two mechanisms is that the JAX RPC provides call interface web services whereas the JAX WS provides the document style web services. JAX WS is the sun standard for the implementation of Web Services. Many big companies like Yahoo!, Google, Amazon do use JAX WS for the implementation of Web Services. The JAX WS architecture unlike its forerunner also supports message based services along with remote procedure based services using the SOAP for communication. JAX WS Implementation Java API for XML-based Web Services makes it easier for developing XML-based Web Services using the Java programming Language. JAX WS supports its own implementation of JAX WS programming model and does not support Axis2 programming model. JAX WS defines model for developing application handlers that deals with data during Web Services runtime. The JAX WS converts the calls matching it with the SOAP messages. Annotations used in the JAX WS simplify the deployment and development of these Web Services, their service end points and the service requestors, clients. JAX WS requires Java EE 5 or later version of Java. JAX WS provides two tools for generating Java artifacts, namely wsimport and wsgen for top-down and bottom-up approaches respectively The wsimport tool is used for the top-down or the contract first approach that is the Java files are created from the WSDL file. And the wsgen tool is used for the bottom-up approach or the code first approach that is the WSDL file is generated from Java classes. JAX WS uses Java annotations to make the simple POJO classes work as the Web Services. For example, the annotation @WebService is used along with a Java class, to declare simple POJO class to act as a Web Service. Considering a simple example import javax.jws.WebService; @WebService pubic class MyService { System.out.println(Hello WORLD); } Advantages The JAX WS 2.0 uses annotations for declaring and attaching any data related to Web Services. Using the annotations makes it simpler for the user to create Web Services. It provides better cross-platform interaction, making the communication platform independence. The JAX WS supports both synchronous and asynchronous calls. JAX WS supports asynchronous polling and callback. Along with SOAP 1.1, the JAX WS 2.0 also supports 1.2 It also supports MTOM (Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism) for dealing with binary data among the Web Services and better optimization of the SOAP messages format. JAX WS supports both REST and SOAP Web Services. Axis2 The Apache Axis is the Web Service project from the Apache Software Foundation. It is an open source web service framework for XML-based web services. The Axis has its implementation in Java and it is being developed in C++. Using Axis2, we can implement Axis framework. The Axis2 is a Web Service container for the Axis framework for creating and developing XML-based Web Services. Axis2, as compared to its forerunner Axis1, has a much better, configured and flexible architecture. It also provides more scalability as well as productivity as compared to axis 1. Axis2 Implementation While creating and developing Web Services, the Ant build tool has an important role in the development process. The WSDL2JAVA and JAVA2WSDl are the two build tools that important for developing the Wed Services. The WSDL2JAVA tool is used for the top-down or the contract first approach that is the Java files are created from the WSDL file. And the JAVA2WSDL tool is used for the bottom-up approach or the code first approach that is the WSDL file is generated from Java classes. For deployment of the Axis2 Web Services, it is necessary to create its own format aar file, and deploy it to the services folder of your axis2. The aar file is similar to a jar file and can be developed using the following command jar -cvf MyService.aar Benefits of using Axis2: Axis2 supports both SOAP and REST Web Services Axis2 also supports both, synchronous and asynchronous calls. Also Axis2 supports Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism for binary data handling. But it has some limit to the size of the binary data it can handle. Comparing Axis2 and JAX WS Axis2 can be considered as more mature framework as compared to JAX WS framework Axis2 supports ADB, JIXB, XMLBeans whereas JAX WS supports only JAXB for binding support. JAX WS supports its own implementation of JAX WS programming model and does not support Axis2 programming model. At the core of Axis2 is the AXIOM, while for JAX WS its the Java Annotations that works as the core JAX WS in transport neutral but the Web Services feature pack only supports HTTP/HTTPS Axis2 and JAX WS both handle the Bottom Up approach equally good The Axis2 supports the Top Down approach a bit better as compared to JAX WS Unlike Axis2, the JAX WS does not require any configuration file such as service.xml. It is all handled by the Java annotations. Conclusion: Comparing these two Web Services frameworks, the choice cannot be deduced to either of the Web Service framework completely, because each one of them has different qualities. The Axis2 has better and more mature architecture as compared to the other one. But at the same time, this adds to the complexity in implementation. Whereas the JAX WS, though a bit immature comparatively, is simpler and easy to implement. Plus, it also has an advantage of being the sun standard for the Web Services implementation, adding a feather to its hat. Thus, depending on the service or implementation to be carried out, the appropriate Web Service framework can be selected, though the JAX WS is comparatively pretty simple to implement.

Comparing Henry IV and King Lear :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Henry IV and King Lear  Ã‚      Shakespeare's play, King Lear details the tragic consequences of the decisions of the fictitious character Lear, King of England. King Lear is a man of great power but he surrenders all of this power to his daughters as a reward for their demonstration of love towards him. Lear’s rash decision results in a chain reaction of events that send him through a journey of hell. King Lear is a metaphorical description of one man's journey through hell in order to expiate his sin.      As the play opens one can almost immediately see that Lear begins to make mistakes that will eventually result in his downfall. (Neher) This is the first and most significant of the many sins that he makes in this play. By abdicating his throne to fuel his ego he is disrupts the great chain of being which states that the King must not challenge the position that God has given him. This undermining of God's authority results in chaos that tears apart Lear's world. (Williams) Leaving him, in the end, with nothing. Following this Lear begins to banish those around him that genuinely care for him as at this stage he cannot see beyond the mask that the evil wear. He banishes Kent, a loyal servant to Lear, and his youngest and previously most loved daughter Cordelia. (Nixon) This results in Lear surrounding himself with people who only wish to use him which leaves him very vulnerable attack. This is precisely what happens and it is through this that he discovers his wrongs and amends t hem.      Following the committing of his sins, Lear becomes abandoned and estranged from his kingdom which causes him to loose sanity. While lost in his grief and self-pity the fool is introduced to guide Lear back to the sane world and to help find the lear that was ounce lost behind a hundred Knights but now is out in the open and scared like a little child. (Bradley) The fact that Lear has now been pushed out from behind his Knights is dramatically represented by him actually being out on the lawns of his castle. The terrified little child that is now unsheltered is dramatically portrayed by Lear's sudden insanity and his rage and anger is seen through the thunderous weather that is being experienced. All of this contributes to the suffering of Lear due to the gross sins that he has committed.

Elizabeth I Versus the Stuart Monarchs

Elizabeth I versus the Stuart Monarchs Kayla Christie 3rd Block The difference between Elizabeth I and the Stuart monarchs defines the way they ruled and their actions. When comparing Elizabeth I and the Stuart monarchs, one should take in factors such as each individual’s personality, religious views, and views on parliament. Elizabeth I was intelligent, and wanted religious unity in her country. She also believed that parliament was essential during her reign. The Stuart monarchs such as James I, James II, Charles I, and Charles II were not so intelligent, and wanted a definite religion whether it is Catholicism or Arminianism. The Stuarts also wanted to enhance their authority at the expense of losing parliament. Elizabeth I was intelligent, and would work to keep her reign. In Elizabeth’s speech to the troops before the battle of the Armada she states â€Å"†¦Spain, or any prince of Europe should dare to invade the borders of my realm†¦ I myself will take up arms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elizabeth clearly says that she would fight for her country. Being intelligent, she exercised frugality in the expenses of the government and increasing taxation, which showed a sign of a strong and efficient state. She wanted to achieve religious harmony. On the other hand, the Stuarts were stubborn. They refused to extend religious toleration. Like his father, Charles I believed in the Divine Right of Kings (that he was answerable to God alone and could not be tried by any court), and he upset the Scottish citizens of his country, many of whom were Puritans, by insisting that they follow the same religion as his English subjects. The result was the two wars that ruined England’s financial state and that would lead to the civil war and his execution.

Education Vision Essay

I believe that all students should be held to the same standards of education. While there should always be accommodations for an individual student’s strengths, weaknesses and learning style, there should also be a universal set of criteria by which a student’s progress is measured. While those standards may sometimes seem exacting to the students expected to meet them, they are far less demanding than what is required of today’s workers in an economy where competition has become global. An innovative and creative spirit has become in the last twenty years something that is generally expected of everyone rather than something only expected of the exceptional, a solid foundation in the basic elements of education, math and reading have become ever-more vital to succeeding in the modern world. Where education is concerned, I have found that creativity and innovation can oftentimes be fostered by the experience of overcoming challenges and, thereby, attaining a justified belief in one’s own abilities. A student who is taught to take pride in their work and, especially, to take pride is turning a failure into a success is someone likely to succeed in a world where competition is fierce and belief in one’s self is the most advantageous thing. Where the application of standards are concerned, I believe that any leader in an educational setting must be held to high standards just as are the students. By holding myself accountable to the highest standards, I gain the legitimacy to expect the same of my students and the ability to inspire them to do more than they may have thought possible. The position of a leader is one that is at least partially earned by gaining credibility in the eyes of those whom I am charged to lead. This can best be accomplished by setting an example; by continually challenging myself with new ideas and new situations while at the same time having the conviction to stand by those practices that have proven effective over time. Having worked as a teacher and a teacher’s assistant in various settings for the past five years, I have learned that both students and educators must never loose touch with their essential humanity and that empathy must always accompany high expectations. When a student knows that their teachers understand the hardships they face but still expect them to perform at a level of excellence, the student can be assured that they are not being driven unreasonably but are only expected to perform at the level their teachers know that student can achieve. Where sympathy and lowered expectations are really forms of condescension, empathy and high expectations communicate to a student that their instructor has not only high hopes for their student, but also a sincere and justified respect for their student’s potential. I have always felt a visceral connection and genuine responsibility for the successes and failures of my students. I hope to always be there to help my students experience the satisfaction of success and of overcoming failure.

The Brief History of the Elderly Barriers Essays

The Brief History of the Elderly Barriers Essays The Brief History of the Elderly Barriers Paper The Brief History of the Elderly Barriers Paper Mental ailment is a significant determinant giving rise to the disease burdens of the elderly people. While the elderly people do not seem to suffer from disproportionate share of most distinct mental ailment such as depression or schizophrenia they do have a much higher prevalence of dementing ailment like Alzheimer’s disease and are subjected to enhanced rates of interpersonal losses. Irrespective of substantial rates of morbidity the proportion of older people acknowledged to be incapacitated and those really receiving sufficient treatment is remarkably low than that of the younger age groups. Deficiency in the treatment of mental illness in the elderly emerge to be a considerable factor in the enhanced suicide rates among the elderly population along with the premature or unsuitable placement of elderly persons in nursing homes. The studies on mental ailment in the elderly people has been disregarded and deserted till very recently. Even with the attention that has been accorded to the prevalence of large number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, funding for research in relation to the incidence and distressing nature of mental ailment in the elderly continues to be insufficient. (Mental Health and the Elderly Position Statement) Considerable impediments prevail for the elderly in accessing and utilizing mental health services. Community based prevention programs for older people supported by federal and state funds are limited. This is combined with the absence of institutionalized consultancy and treatment programs including medication goals set particularly for older mentally impaired people. (Mental Health Services: Reaching Out to the Elderly. (Part One)) An analysis brought out in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society reveals that while the rates of diagnosis for depression for patients at an age of 65 and older was enhanced radically during the 1990s, considerable differentiations by age, ethnicity, and supplemental insurance coverage still continues in relation to the treatment for those diagnosed patients. The elderly people also perceive themselves to be more stigmatized about having a psychiatric diagnosis and taking medication for treatment. (Books, Articles and Research) Stereotypes related to people who belong to the elderly group and have mental illnesses may intervene with their successful health care delivery. The prospective therapies may not be organized, covered or medications supplied as a result of the prejudice that such persons cannot improve or do not have enough time left in their lives to improve. The elderly are regularly being diagnosed and provided psychoanalysis with disregard or negatively talked about when their health is narrated. Such stereotypes regularly flow into delusions about the professionals delivering their care in diagnosis or entailing medications or counseling. Stigma and ageism are two incidents that largely influence the real assessment of people who are elderly and have mental illnesses and finally their health care. (Books, Articles and Research) The coverage under Medicare is insufficient and serves to enhance the myth that mental illness in the elderly is both to be anticipated and not reactive to the treatment. (Mental Health and the Elderly Position Statement) There exists a large differentiation in Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement between psychiatric care and medical care. This has discouraged many prospective psychiatrists, social workers and psychologists from having a career in geriatric mental health. (Overlooked and Underserved: Elders in Need of Mental Health Care) Another significant element in the lives of our elderly patients is that practically all of the elderly population are dealing with co-morbidities that may incorporate physical ill health along with mental illness and the settings that entail meticulous collaboration among patients, caregivers of the families and practitioners from a variety of health care disciplines. The reimbursement for services under such settings is awkward and is sometimes an impediment to best practices. Medicare imposes a 20 percent co-insurance rate on most outpatient services except for mental health services that necessitates 50 percent co-insurance rate. (Long-Term Care Financing: Blueprints for Reform- Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate) This unjust inclination in the system is considered to be the consequence and the cause for the persistent impediment to the stigma related to mental illness and is considered to be a major impediment for reaching care. Additionally, the distinction creates confusion and improper carrier reimbursement decisions like the continuing decisions by carriers to reimburse only 50 percent for medication management services in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias in contravention to the particular directives forwarded by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (Long-Term Care Financing: Blueprints for Reform- Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate) A number of researches have revealed that when mental health services are seriously confined, the consequence is higher costs in terms of medication and over utilization of general medical visits. Elderly adults with the mental problems regularly seek health care services in primary care environments where the detection and management of this ailment condition may be less than optimal. (Mental Health and the Elderly Position Statement) The approach of the mental health professionals influences the service of care. Such personnel may demonstrate the same ageism and believe the same typecast about the elderly as those detected in the general population. They are inclined to misinterpret some problems as confronted by the elders in their normal course of ageing instead of the problems necessitating assistance. In addition to this younger, more articulate and more introspective clients may hold more appeal for many professionals. (Mental Health Services: Reaching Out to the Elderly. (Part One)) Hence the elderly adults with mental ailments continue to be segregated in nursing homes and other separating environments even as other age groups have started to gain full membership in the community. (Books, Articles and Research) It has been visualized that in no other age group is the combination and interrelationship of physical, social and economic problems as important as that of the elderly. The elderly people continue to take for granted the ailments like sleep disturbances, changes in appetite and mood differences as physical problems. This trend is strengthened by the physicians who sometimes take such symptoms to be the out come of the aging process. The medical practice presently does not necessarily assign time for the detailed medical and social trend that would foster a more real diagnosis. The absence of such organized and complete health care has an adverse impact on all age groups in the United States. However, for elderly adults who appear to have multiple needs, such health systems are largely divided up and become a surprising source of patient confusion. Most elders remove from service emotions which are besieged by the long detentions and complex procedures. For administrators facing the budgetary limits, it has more often been that the elder population has been set aside on the plea that they are older enough to take advantage from the services. It would position to cause that a society that places such great significance on youth and the significance of looking young does not lend encouraging support to improve the mental health care for the geriatric population. (Overlooked and Underserved: Elders in Need of Mental Health Care) To conclude, the accessibility to the suitable mental health services is at the center of entailing secular care to elderly Americans in the way that is most preferred by patients, their families and health care practitioners. (Long-Term Care Financing: Blueprints for Reform- Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate) A promising consumer and family movement through energetic advocacy are necessitated to defeat stigma and prevent discrimination against elderly people with mental illness. The reach to elderly mental health services can be developed immediately if we develop the abilities of primary care providers, public schools, the child welfare system and others to assist the elderly with mental health disorders looking for treatment. (Mental Health Gets Noticed) The prescribed drugs are necessary elements for treatment of a number of mental ailments and an outpatient prescribed drug assists along with a complete coverage of psychotropic medications and must be prioritized in the Congressional agenda. Other variations to the Medicare strategy which would be advantageous for geriatric patients with mental health needs are that it include extensive coverage of case management and care plan oversight, which are presently confined to patients who are being delivered with home care or hospice care; complete coverage of Medicare/Medicaid cost sharing for low income patients and revisions in reimbursement policies for services offered in assisted living facilities. (Long-Term Care Financing: Blueprints for Reform- Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate) The serious confinements on Medicare reimbursement for mental health services are required to be avoided. The National Institute of Mental Health- NIMH is required to continue financial assistance at appropriate levels of devising the training programs in interdisciplinary mental health care for the elderly that incorporates the disciplines of medicine psychiatry, psychology, psychiatric nursing and clinical social work. Training programs are required to acknowledge that most mental health care takes place in the primary care environment. Instant expansion of the research programs is required to be funded by the NIMH and other agencies on the etiology and treatment of anxiety and depressive problems, paranoia, dementing problems and other behavioral problems which have profound impact on the elderly patients. (Mental Health and the Elderly Position Statement) Bibliography : â€Å"Books, Articles and Research† Retrieved from adscenter. org/topics_materials/o-books. htm Accessed on 14 April, 2005 Craven, Scott M; Parker, Marcie. â€Å"Mental Health Services: Reaching Out to the Elderly. (Part One)† Retrieved from optumanswers. com/research/articles/mentalhealth. shtml Accessed on 14 April, 2005 â€Å"Long-Term Care Financing: Blueprints for Reform- Special Committee on Aging, United States Senate† (20 June, 2004) American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. Retrieved from aagponline. org/advocacy/testimony. asp? viewfull=8 Accessed on 14 April, 2005 â€Å"Mental Health and the Elderly Position Statement† (January 1, 1993) Mental Health American Geriatrics Society (AGS). Retrieved from americangeriatrics. org/products/positionpapers/mentalhl. shtml Accessed on 14 April, 2005 Persky, Trudy. â€Å"Overlooked and Underserved: Elders in Need of Mental Health Care† Retrieved from mhaging. org/info/olus. html Accessed on 14 April, 2005 Satcher, David. â€Å"Mental Health Gets Noticed† Retrieved from http://cms. psychologytoday. com/articles/pto-20000101-000031. html Accessed on 14 April, 2005

The Coronation of Charlemagne essays

The Coronation of Charlemagne essays Through out history rulers and those in power have often sought greater control and attempted to secure more authority. During the Middle Ages power was usually obtained by either being victorious in battle, inheritance, or by entering in some sort of contract. One of the most powerful of all rulers during the Middle Ages was Charlemagne other wise know as Charles the Great. With the start of Charlemagnes rule he was constantly engaged in military campaigns creating a vast empire and rapidly becoming one of the most powerful men of his time. However it is not his military rise to power that historians question rather it is acceptance of secular coronation and taking on the role of Roman Emperor. The fundamental question of Did Charlemagne desire to be crowned by Pope Leo III? or Was he merely caught by surprise as he would like history to believe? arises. If one were to believe what Einhard reported Charlemagne as saying That he would not have come into the church had he known the Pope's plan then the answer to the earlier question would be No. After further research of the question one can see that Charlemagne had much to gain from this new title and the benefits vastly outweighed any ill sentiments in his Carolingian kingdom. He was too powerful of a leader not to have known Pope Leo III plans a head of time an too intelligent not to have seen the benefits of this act. His acceptance of the crown and title Roman Emperor was significant in strengthening his leadership on two major points. First the coronation solidified Charlemagne as the most powerful leader of Western Europe and second it united the Roman Catholic Church with Charlemagnes Carolingian empire. Charlemagne had accomplished more that any other one person in Western Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire. Charlemagne came from a long line of powerful leaders; ...

Top Tips for Succeeding in Statistics Class

Top Tips for Succeeding in Statistics Class Sometimes statistics and mathematics classes can seem among the hardest that one takes at college. How can you do well in a class like this? Below are some hints and ideas to try so that you can do well in your statistics and mathematics courses. The tips are arranged by things that you can do in class and things that will help outside of class. While in Class Be prepared. Bring paper for notes/quizzes/tests, two writing implements, a calculator, and your textbook.Be attentive. Your primary focus should be whats going on in class, not your cell phone or Facebook newsfeed.Take careful and complete notes. If your instructor thinks that something is important enough to write on the board, it should be written in your notes. The examples that are given will help you when you study and work problems on your own.Write the date and section covered in your notes at the beginning of each class. This will help when you study for tests.Be respectful of your classmates time and ask questions that are pertinent to the material being covered. (e.g. Why is the number of degrees of freedom one less than the sample size?) Save questions that pertain only to you (e.g. Why did I get 2 points taken off for problem number 4?) for your instructors office hours or after class.Dont feel the need to cram as much as possible on a page of notes. Leave plenty of room so that you can write your own comments when you use your notes to study. When test/quiz/assignment due dates are announced, immediately write them in your notes or what you use as a calendar. Outside of Class Math is not a spectators sport. You need to practice, practice, practice by working out problems in the homework assignments.Plan on spending at least two hours studying and/or doing problems for every 50-minute class session.Read your textbook. Constantly review what has been covered and read ahead to prepare yourself for class.Get in the habit of consistently doing work for your courses.Dont procrastinate. Start studying for your tests around a week in advance.Spread out work for large assignments. If you have difficulties early on you can get help more quickly than if you wait until the night before.Utilize office hours. If your schedule doesnt match your instructors office hours, ask if it is possible to make an appointment for a different time. When you come to office hours, be ready with specific questions about what you had trouble with or didnt understand.Utilize any tutoring services that your college or university provides. Sometimes these services are offered at no cost to students. Review your notes constantly. Form study groups or get a study partner in each of your classes. Meet to go over questions, work on homework, and study for tests.Dont lose the syllabus or any other handouts. Hold onto them until after you get your final grades. If you lose the syllabus, go to the course webpage to get a replacement.If you get stuck on a problem and dont make progress on it after 15 minutes, call your study partner and continue working on the rest of the assignment.take responsibility. If you know you will miss a test for any reason, let your instructor know as soon as possible.Purchase the textbook. If you have an older edition of the book, it is your responsibility - not your instructors - to see what that the sections/page numbers mentioned in class correspond within your book.If you are a statistics or math major, strongly consider keeping your textbooks and dont sell them back. Your statistics book will be a convenient reference.

Martin Luther King Jr,s Letter from a Birmingham Jail, Critical Essay

Martin Luther King Jr,s Letter from a Birmingham Jail, Critical Analysis - Essay Example King attempts to persuade his readers that his position is valid. King defends his stand in the Birmingham Campaign by making skilful use of the rhetorical techniques of ethos, logos and pathos. King begins his letter by using the persuasive technique of ethos to establish his authority and his credentials. He asserts his position as the President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which is affiliated with the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR). By categorically stating, â€Å"(I) am here because I was invited here. I am here because I have organizational ties here,† (King, 6), King makes it clear that his presence in Birmingham is at the express invitation of the ACMHR, and is eminently justified. He establishes his credibility as a spokesman for the protestors, and his right to participate in the campaign. King effectively foils his critics’ bid to depict him as an outsider. By acknowledging his critics to be â€Å"men of genuine goodwi ll† (King, 6), and demonstrating his willingness to give their views patient consideration, King enhances his own good-will and position as a fair-minded person. King emphasizes the common ground held by him and his critics. By addressing his letter to his â€Å"Dear fellow clergyman,† King emphasizes their shared religious calling. His repeated allusions to Christian belief and personalities, including his references to the Apostles and Christ, serve to reiterate his commitment to the church and vouch for his good moral character. He categorically states that his primary identity is that of â€Å"a minister of the gospel, who loves the church† (King, 13). Again, he declares that he is â€Å"the son, the grandson and the great-grandson of preachers† (King, 14). King unequivocally tells his critics that he is one of them. Having established his credentials through ethos, King goes on to use logos to convince his readers as to the reasonableness of his stand . His defense of direct-action is a remarkable study in logic. First, King justifies his form of protest by arguing that â€Å"In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action† (King, 7). He then takes up each of these steps in turn and provides evidence to support his direct-action program. First, he calls attention to the fact that â€Å"Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States† (King, 7). Second, he details the failed negotiation process. Thirdly, he gives an account of the preparation for non-violent protest. Finally, he justifies direct action, by eloquently describing it as â€Å"the need for nonviolent gadflies† to goad the authorities to negotiation (King, 8). Again, King logically supports his defiance of the laws by distinguishing between â€Å"two types of laws: just and unjust† (King, 9). He cleverly equates the segregation statute with unjust laws and puts the moral law of the Church above it. This effectively absolves him of any transgression of the law. King links his civil disobedience to that of the Christian martyrs, to Socrates, the American fight for independence and the anti-Gestapo resistance. These analogies support his logic and enable King to defend his argument. There can be no doubt that King is a past master in